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Active & Passive Voice

Advanced Grammar upper_intermediate medium

Who does the action (active) vs who receives it (passive).

Advanced Grammar — Voice, narration, clauses and conditionals.

Rules

1. Active: Subject acts — The cat chased the rat. 2. Passive: Object becomes subject — The rat was chased by the cat. 3. Passive form: be + past participle. 4. Tense changes: is chased, was chased, has been chased, will be chased. 5. Use passive when the doer is unknown/unimportant: The window was broken. 6. "By + doer" is optional: The letter was written (by Ravi). 7. Intransitive verbs have no passive: He sleeps (no passive). 8. Modal passives: must be done, should be sent.

Explanation

To change active to passive: move the object to subject position, add be in the same tense, use the past participle, and add "by + subject". Questions and negatives follow the same pattern.

हिंदी में

Active voice में कर्ता क्रिया करता है; passive में कर्म पर क्रिया होती है। Passive = be + past participle।

Examples

The rat was chased by the cat. — चूहे का पीछा बिल्ली ने किया।
This house was built in 1990. — यह घर 1990 में बनाया गया था।

Common Mistakes

{"mistake":"The work was did by him.","correction":"The work was done by him.","note":"Passive needs the past participle \"done\"."}

Practice Questions

Q1. Complete: "Mangoes ___ in summer."

are grown
grow
grows
growing

Answer: are grown

💡 Passive general fact → are + grown.

Q2. Which sentence contains an error?

The match was won by our team.
The report was written by her.
The tree was cutted down.
The door was locked.

Answer: The tree was cutted down.

💡 Cut is irregular: past participle is "cut", not "cutted".

Q3. Fill in the blank: "This film ___ (watch) by millions of people."

is watched
watches
is watching
watched

Answer: is watched

💡 Present passive → is + watched.

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Topic	Level	What it covers
Direct & Indirect Speech	upper_intermediate	Reporting what someone said, word-for-word or in your own words.
Active Voice	intermediate	The subject performs the action.
Passive Voice	upper_intermediate	The object becomes the subject; the doer moves to "by".
Direct Speech	upper_intermediate	The speaker's exact words inside quotation marks.
Indirect Speech	upper_intermediate	Reporting the meaning of speech without quotes.
Question Formation	elementary	Building yes/no and wh- questions.