Word Formation

Usage upper_intermediate medium

Building new words with prefixes and suffixes — un-, dis-, re-, -ness, -ment, -ful, -less, -ly.

Usage — Common choices, confusions and preposition errors.

Rules

1. A prefix goes before a word and usually changes meaning, not the part of speech: happy → unhappy, do → redo. 2. A suffix goes after a word and usually changes the part of speech: happy (adjective) → happiness (noun). 3. Negative prefixes: un- (unhappy), in-/im-/il-/ir- (incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular), dis- (disagree), mis- (mistake), non- (non-stop). 4. Noun suffixes: -ness (kindness), -ment (movement), -tion/-sion (action, decision), -ity (ability), -ance/-ence (importance). 5. Adjective suffixes: -ful (careful), -less (careless), -ous (famous), -ive (active), -able (comfortable). 6. Verb suffixes: -ise/-ize (modernise), -ify (simplify), -en (strengthen). 7. Adverb suffix -ly: quick → quickly; adjective ending in -y changes to -ily (happy → happily).

Explanation

Word formation lets you build a whole family of words from one root — decide, decision, decisive, decisively. Prefixes and suffixes are heavily tested in cloze and word-formation exam sections, where the given word must be changed to fit the gap.

हिंदी में

उपसर्ग (prefix) शब्द के आगे लगता है और अर्थ बदलता है (happy → unhappy); प्रत्यय (suffix) शब्द के बाद लगता है और शब्द-भेद बदलता है (happy → happiness)।

Examples

Common Mistakes

Practice Questions

Q1. Correct the sentence: "The instruct was very clear."

Answer: The instruction was very clear.

💡 A noun is needed as the subject → "instruction".

Q2. A prefix usually changes the part of speech of a word.

Answer: False

💡 Prefixes change meaning; suffixes usually change the part of speech.

Q3. Find the error: "She is a very beauty girl."

Answer: beauty

💡 An adjective is needed before the noun → "beautiful".

Practice & Test Yourself

Take a free placement test to find your level, practise Word Formation with instant feedback, then take a timed test.

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Related Topics in Usage

TopicLevelWhat it covers
Singular / PluralbeginnerMaking nouns singular and plural correctly.
Countable / Uncountable NounselementaryNouns you can count vs nouns you cannot.
Much / ManyelementaryMuch for uncountable, many for countable.
Few / LittleintermediateFew for countable, little for uncountable — with or without "a".
Some / AnyelementarySome in positives and offers; any in negatives and questions.
Each / EveryintermediateEach singles out; every groups all together.

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